Iqtishodia: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah

Commission Deductions from Online Food Delivery Sales for MSMEs from the Perspective of Positive Law and Islamic Law

Faishal Agil Al Munawar — 2024-09-21

Indonesia leads the top rank in Southeast Asia in relation to Gross Merchandise Value (GMV) for online food delivery (OFD) services, recording a GMV of US$ 4.6 billion in 2023. Online food delivery platforms like GoFood, GrabFood, and ShopeeFood have become integral to the lifestyle in major cities, including Malang. These platforms offer consumers convenience when ordering food from various restaurants. However, they also impose commission cuts on every sales transaction to OFD partners, which are often seen as burdensome. This study aims to analyze sales commission cuts on OFD platforms from the perspective of Trade Ministry Regulation Number 70 Year 2019 on Direct Distribution of Goods and the Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 113/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 on Wakalah Bi Al-Ujrah Contract. The method used is empirical juridical with a qualitative approach. The research findings indicate: 1. There needs to be more satisfaction among business operators or OFD partners in Lowokwaru, Malang, regarding the increase in commission cuts. The commission cut mechanisms on the GoFood platform are 20% + Rp. 1,000 per sale, GrabFood is 30% per sale, and ShopeeFood is 25% per sale. 2. According to Trade Ministry Regulation Number 70 Year 2019 on Direct Distribution of Goods, as long as the commission cuts by the three platforms (GoFood, GrabFood, and ShopeeFood) do not exceed 40%, such commission cuts are allowed. Whereas under Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 113/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 on Wakalah Bi Al-Ujrah Contract, commission cuts are permissible provided they meet certain established conditions. Yet, the third condition regarding ujrah has to be fully executed because neither party has agreed on commission increases.

The Influence of Halal Awareness, Knowledge and Regulations on Submitting Halal Self Declare Certification for Micro and Small Business Actors in the Culinary Sector in Pacet District, Mojokerto Regency

Aulia Ziyadaturrahmah Salsabila — 2024-09-21

Law No.33 concerning Halal Product Guarantees requires halal certification for every product imported and distributed. and traded in Indonesian territory. MSEs are the target of BPJPH in applying for halal certification. This research is to answer the question of whether there is a significant influence between halal awareness, knowledge and regulations simultaneously or partially on the application for halal certification among MSEs in the culinary sector in Pacet Mojokerto. This research uses a quantitative approach method with data collection techniques, namely questionnaires distributed to respondents. The research results obtained show that halal awareness, knowledge and regulations simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on applications for halal self-declaration certification of 0.627 or 62.7%. Then for partial testing, the halal awareness variable has a positive but not significant effect on the application for self-declared halal certification. Meanwhile, the knowledge and regulatory variables have a positive and significant effect on applications for halal self-declaration certification among MSEs in the culinary sector in Pacet, Mojokerto. This research provides recommendations for the government, becomes evaluation material in determining policy direction, and provides support and outreach regarding halal certification. For institutions applying for halal certification in Pacet Mojokerto, evaluation and improvement materials for halal certification assistance so that it can be maximized. And for business actors to pay more attention to having halal certification for each of their products.

Cash Waqf According to the Views of Four Madzhabs (Study of the Book Al-Fiqh Al-Islami Wa Adillatuhu)

Bahrul Ulum — 2024-09-23

As science and technology develop, so does a nation's economy, and so does the way in which Shari'ah is implemented for Muslims, including in the case of waqf. Previously, waqf was limited to the use of permanent objects such as land, buildings and so on, so now waqf is being introduced in the form of money. This situation is certainly a new breakthrough, which often gives rise to resistance among fiqh scholars. The aim of this research is to find out about the law of cash waqf from the perspective of four schools of thought according to the book of Islamic jurisprudence wa adillatuhu with the hope that it will provide more complete information about the law of cash waqf and bring peace to Muslims. The research method used is qualitative. This research approach uses descriptive analysis of primary data, namely the book of Islamic jurisprudence wa adillatuhu written by Syeh Wahbah Az-Zuhaili. The findings of this research conclude that waqf in the form of money is legal because waqf in the form of dinars and dirhams is permissible. Cash waqf is permissible because there are verses and hadiths that strengthen cash waqf. Moreover, with the increasing pace of civilisation, cash waqf is very easy to distribute, such as through bank transfers in remote areas. Most ulama in the millennial era agree that cash waqf is permissible and legal, provided the procedures are understood.

Blessings in Trade According to The Views of Banjar Traders in Palangka Raya City with An Anthropological and Religious Approaches

Rahmad Kurniawan — 2024-09-21

Islam requires every mature individual to seek legal livelihood, one of which is through trade. However, some traders sometimes do not pay attention to the provisions of Islamic commercial transactions (muamalah). In this regard, there is an interesting phenomenon among some Banjar traders at the Pasar Besar in Palangka Raya. They emphasize more on the concept of "blessing" (barakah), so that trading (business) activities and worship are in balance. Each person and region understand "blessing" differently, both in terms of its meaning, causes, and benchmarks. This research examines the meaning of "blessing" according to the traders, as well as analyzing the anthropological aspects related to the trading practices oriented towards "blessing". This is a qualitative descriptive study with Banjar traders at the Pasar Besar in Palangka Raya as the research subjects. The findings show that the meaning of "blessing" in trading according to Banjar traders is the increase in goodness, abundance or increase in sustenance, beneficial for all, so that needs are met. "Blessing" is also interpreted as the achievement of pleasure, tranquility, peace, and comfort in life. The position of "blessing" in trading is very important, because the purpose of trading is to fulfill life's needs in accordance with Islamic sharia. Blessing will not be obtained if the provisions of Islamic business are ignored. Anthropologically, trading practices oriented towards "blessing" indicate a close relationship between economic activity and the belief system and religious values embraced by the Banjar trader community

The Impact of Financing Restructuring Policy on Financial Performance and Islamic MSME Financing during Covid-19: A Study of Indonesian Islamic Commercial Banks

Zahra Safira — 2024-09-21

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in Return on Assets (ROA), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), and Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO), as well as Islamic MSME Financing at Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia before and after the implementation of the financing restructuring policy during the Covid-19 period. The research method used to analyze is a comparative method with a quantitative approach calculated using the Paired sample t-test if the data is normally distributed and the Wilcoxon signed rank test if the data is not normally distributed which is carried out using IBM SPSS 25 software. The results showed that there were significant differences in financial performance as seen in the ratios of ROA, NPF, CAR, FDR, and BOPO before and after the implementation of the financing restructuring policy during the Covid-19 period. Meanwhile, Islamic MSME financing has no difference before and after the implementation of the financing restructuring policy during the Covid-19 period. Overall, the restructuring policy has a positive impact on the financial health of Islamic Commercial Banks, while maintaining stable support for Islamic MSME financing in Indonesia.

Maqashid Sharia Analysis of Insurance Implementation in Sharia Pawnshops

Siska Junianti Peranginangin — 2024-10-12

To control and limit self-interest in Islamic business and insurance in accordance with the commands of Allah SWT is based on Sharia, which is the foundation for Islamic commerce. Since the Maqasid Shariah approach can provide a realistic and clear picture and description of the business operations, contracts, and products in sharia pawnshops, it can be considered that the products are able to meet the needs as the times continue to evolve. Naturally, fiqh evolves rapidly over time with the aim of conforming to the maqasid of sharia to protect the welfare of society. When applying a formalistic and textual approach to fiqh, it results in gaps because there are differences. Analyzing Maqashid Syariah Insurance Implementation in Islamic Pawnshops is the purpose of this study. And by using qualitative methods. The results of the study found that the analysis of maqashid sharia insurance application in Islamic pawnshops has been implemented properly. That is, the fulfillment of Maqashid Sharia values in financing motorized vehicles on trust products that guarantee insurance in Islamic pawnshops. First, the religion of the customers is maintained. Second, the customers' souls are maintained. Third, the minds of customers and Islamic pawnshops are maintained. Fourth, the property is maintained. And finally, Fifth, the offspring is maintained.

A Study on Financial Soundness at Indonesian Islamic Bank

Islamiati Hidayah — 2024-09-04

This study aims to investigate the soundness of Islamic Bank in Indonesia. Particularly at PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk through RGEC (Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earning, and Capital). This study is a quantiative study and employs multiple regression analysis to analyze the data from annual report of Bank Muamalat Indonesia. RGEC method was employes to measure the financial distress which includes components of Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, and Capital. The Risk Profile is proxied by Non-Performing Finance (NPF) and Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR). Earnings are proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE). Capital is peroxided by the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). The result of this study shows NPF, FDR, RoA, RoE, and CAR are partially and simultanousely influence financial distress of Islamic Bank especially in Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Particularly, NPF and RoE have a positive relationship with financial distress while FDR, RoA, and CAR have a negative relationship with financial distress

Factors Affecting Purchase Interest of Muslim Consumer on Online Platform

Iqbal Imari — 2024-09-27

As the highest Muslim population in the world Indonesian has been reported contribute to millions of daily shopping transaction as majority of Muslim in Indonesia like any other groups in Indonesia are accessing online shop through internet and mobile apps. This study aimed to investigate the key factors that influence Muslim purchase interest on online platform in Indonesia. The method employs in this study are quantitative method with multiple regression analysis. To assess the validity of instruments pilot test has been conducted and to ensure the validity and reliability of the data, factor analysis using exploratory factor analysis and reliability test are utilized. Correlation test and collinearity test employed as well to ensure there are no mulitcollinearity issue in this study. Sample size in this study using Freedman et al., approach with data collection technique is simple random sampling. Based on the approach the sample size of this study is about 266. The data collected are about 300 yet the respondents that utilizing online shop are about 258. Hence, 258 data from respondents that are enable to analyze. The result shows that partially, price have a positive and significant effect on purchase interest as well as product quality show it positive and significant relationship with purchase interest. Simultaneously, both price and purchase interest have a significant relationship on Muslim purchase interest on online platform. Based on the R2 result, 48.3% of purchase interest variance are explained by price and product quality while the rest 51.7% are excluded from this study.