KARAKTERISTIK REDAKSI MATAN HADIS DAN CAKUPAN MAKNANYA

Abstract

The Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) serves a crucial role as the second source of Islamic teachings, following the Quran. However, the interpretation of Hadits is often constrained by a rigid, textualist approach, stemming from an insufficient grasp of the highly sophisticated and diverse linguistic styles employed in the Prophet’s speech. This study aims to identify and analyze the various modes of expression found in the Prophet’s Hadits and to examine their implications for developing a balanced and proportional method of interpretation. Conducted as library research, this study employs a qualitative approach and a descriptive-analytical method. Data were gathered from standard Hadits collections and relevant literature on the science of Hadits, then analyzed using M. Syuhudi Ismail’s theory of contextual Hadits interpretation. The study identifies five primary modes of expression in the Prophet’s speech: jawāmi‘ al-kalim (concise and comprehensive), tamsil (concrete parables), symbolic (layered, metaphorical messages), dialogical (interactive communication), and analogical (logical comparisons). The study concludes that the interpretation of Hadits cannot rely solely on a textual reading; rather, it requires a linguistic and contextual approach. This diversity in linguistic style demonstrates that while some Hadits contain universal and eternal legal principles, others are conditional and temporal—tailored to the specific socio-cultural circumstances present at the time they were articulated.