Epistemologi Studi Islam Kontemporer: Kritik terhadap Dikotomi Ilmu Agama dan Ilmu Umum

Abstract

This article conducts an in-depth investigation into the epistemological crisis in contemporary Islamic studies, triggered by the persistent dichotomy between religious and secular sciences. Through a systematic review of key literature, this research analyzes how the separation of the sacred and profane dimensions of knowledge has resulted in intellectual fragmentation and civilizational stagnation in the Muslim world. Employing a qualitative methodology with a literature study design, the study evaluates various integrative paradigms emerging in Indonesia, specifically M. Amin Abdullah’s integration-interconnection model, Kuntowijoyo’s prophetic social science paradigm, and Imam Suprayogo’s "Tree of Knowledge" model. The analysis demonstrates that the dichotomy of knowledge is rooted not only in the institutional dualism of education but also in the methodological segregation between the bayani, burhani, and irfani traditions, which have not yet been fully synchronized. The primary findings assert that the reconstruction of contemporary Islamic epistemology must be grounded in the principle of Tawhid as a metaphysical umbrella that unifies revelation, reason, and intuition. This integration is necessary to address modern challenges such as technological disruption, ecological crises, and dehumanization within modern science. This article provides a theoretical contribution to the development of Islamic higher education curricula and the strengthening of Islamic studies methodologies that are more holistic, dialogic, and responsive to global social realities.