LEGALITAS ABORSI BAGI KORBAN PERKOSAAN DALAM FIKIH EMPAT MAZHAB DAN HUKUM POSITIF INDONESIA (PP NO. 28 TAHUN 2024 DAN KUHP BARU): Tinjauan Maqashid Syariah

A. Zaeini Misbaahuddin

doi:10.35897/maqashid.v9i1.2085

Authors

A. Zaeini Misbaahuddin Ma'had Aly Lirboyo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35897/maqashid.v9i1.2085

Keywords:

Rape Victims,, Four Schools of Islamic Jurisprudence, Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024, Abortion, Criminal Code, Maqasid al-Shariah

Abstract

Pregnancy resulting from rape poses a legal, medical, and religious dilemma, particularly after Government Regulation (PP) No. 28 of 2024 and the new Criminal Code (Law No. 1 of 2023). This normative library study uses statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches to map the positive-law provisions on abortion for rape victims, outline the views of the four Sunni schools, and assess their alignment through maqasid al-shariah. PP No. 28 of 2024 permits abortion for rape victims without setting its own gestational limit; the 40-day limit of PP No. 61 of 2014 applied transitionally, and Article 463(2) of the Criminal Code now sets 14 weeks. The schools differ: the Hanafi and part of the Shafi’i schools permit abortion before ensoulment (about 120 days), the Hanbali school while the embryo is a mudghah, and most Maliki scholars prohibit it from conception; after ensoulment it is generally prohibited. After adjusting for dating conventions, the 14-week limit falls within the more permissive opinions but beyond the MUI fatwa’s 40-day threshold. From a maqasid perspective, early abortion can be justified as a hajiyyat measure protecting the mother’s psychological health (hifz al-nafs), while protecting progeny (hifz al-nasl) requires strict time limits, counselling, and supported alternatives. Harmonised gestational-limit guidance and stronger victim support are recommended.

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