THE LEGALITY OF ABORTION FOR RAPE VICTIMS UNDER THE FOUR SCHOOLS AND INDONESIAN LAW (GR NO. 28/2024 AND THE NEW CRIMINAL CODE): A Maqasid Al-Shariah Perspective

A. Zaeini Misbaahuddin Asyuari Misbaahuddin Asyuari

doi:10.35897/maqashid.v9i1.2085

Authors

A. Zaeini Misbaahuddin Asyuari Ma'had Aly Lirboyo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35897/maqashid.v9i1.2085

Keywords:

Rape Victims,, Four Schools of Islamic Jurisprudence, Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024, Abortion, Criminal Code, Maqasid al-Shariah

Abstract

Pregnancy from rape creates legal, medical, and religious dilemmas, especially with the issuance of Government Regulation (PP) No. 28/2024 and the new Criminal Code (Law No. 1/2023). Using a normative legal approach, this study maps positive law provisions, examines four Sunni fiqh views, and analyzes their alignment through maqasid al-shariah.Findings show PP No. 28/2024 permits abortion for rape victims, transitioning through a 40-day limit (PP No. 61/2014) until the new Criminal Code sets a 14-week limit (Article 463(2)). Fiqh views vary: Hanafi and some Shafi‘i scholars permit it before ensoulment (~120 days), Hanbali permits it while the fetus is a lump of flesh (mudghah), and most Maliki scholars forbid it from conception; all forbid it post-ensoulment. The 14-week limit fits more permissive fiqh views but exceeds MUI’s 40-day fatwa limit. From a maqasid perspective, early-stage abortion serves as a hajiyyat measure to protect maternal mental health (hifz al-nafs), while protecting the fetus (hifz al-nasl) requires strict time limits, counseling, and support services. The study recommends harmonized gestational guidelines and strengthened victim support.

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